Cover Table of Content Introduction and Executive Summary Chapter 1 - Income Distribution and the Risk of Poverty Orsolya Lelkes, Márton Medgyesi, István György Tóth and Terry Ward Chapter 2 - The Factors Affecting the Risk of Poverty and Inequalities in Income Distribution Orsolya Lelkes, Márton Medgyesi and István György Tóth Chapter 3 - Vulnerable Groups: The Situation of People with Migrant Backgrounds Orsolya Lelkes, Lucinda Platt and Terry Ward Chapter 4 - The Risk of Poverty and Income Distribution at the Regional Level Terry Ward Chapter 5 - Material Deprivation Terry Ward Chapter 6 - Economic Growth and Income Inequalities Márton Medgyesi and István György Tóth Chapter 7 - The Effect of Taxes and Benefi ts on Income Distribution Alari Paulus, Francesco Figari and Holly Sutherland Chapter 8 - Distributional Effects of Publicly Funded Childcare Manos Matsaganis and Gerlinde Verbist Chapter 9 - Policy Developments Affecting Income Distribution, 2004-08 Manos Matsaganis and Péter Szivós Bibliography Glossary Editors and Authors

POLICY PRINCIPLES FOR EXPANDING FINANCIAL ACCESS: SUMMARY Despite the rapid growth in finance worldwide over the past quarter-century—now interrupted by the global financial crisis—many low-income households and small firms remain excluded from access to many financial services, especially in developing countries. While traditionally seen by many financial-service providers (FSPs) as less attractive customers, a growing number of mainstream FSPs have joined microfinance firms in extending the range of their service provision, and important advances have been made in expanding access. At a time of increased focus on financial-sector policy and of regulatory tightening, it is important not to lose sight of the goal of increasing the access to appropriate financial services essential to the escape from poverty and the achievement of firm growth. It is in this spirit that we propose 10 principles for financial-sector policymakers—including national authorities, donors, private-sector participants, international financial institutions, and others—on the facilitation, regulation, and direct provision of financial services.